Personal injury claims - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1168 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Report Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Part 1: BACKGROUND FACTS: In July 2008, Janice Long [JL] instigated personal injury [PI] proceedings against her employer, Business Solutions PLC [BSP], for a back injury which she sustained at its premises in December 2006. JL is claiming for  £30,000 in compensation. JL has followed the Pre-Action Protocol for Personal Injury Claims. BSP submitted its defence in August 2008, and made JL a Part 36 settlement offer of  £10,000 on 15th August 2008. JL has refused this offer and has failed to make a counter-offer. JL has indicated that she wants matters to proceed to Court, and is unprepared to engage further in pre-trial settlement negotiations. THE PROBLEM: How likely is it that the Court will make a costs order in favour of JL, if she is awarded more than  £10,000? How would this position change if the amount awarded is only slightly greater than  £10,000? How would this position change if the amount awarded is  £10,000, i.e. the same value as the Part 36 offer made by BSP? LEGAL ISSUES: What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court exceeds the equivalent value of that settlement offer? What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court exceeds the equivalent value of that settlement offer, but only by a small amount? What costs protection, if any, does a Part 36 offer provide to a defendant where the final award granted by the Court is equivalent to the value of that settlement offer? LAW AND APPLICATION: In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement significantly exceeds BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer: Rule 36.14 CPR provides that where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"judgment against the defendant is at least as advantageous to the claimant as the proposals contained in a claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [36.14(1)(b) CPR], then, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the court will, unless it considers it unjust to do so, order that the claimant is entitled to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"(a) interest on the whole or part of any sum of money (excluding interest) awarded at a rate not exceeding 10% above base rate for some or all of the period starting with the date on which the relevant period expired;(b) his costs on the indemnity basis from the date on which the relevant period expired; and(c) interest on those costs at a rate not exceeding 10% above base rate.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [36.14(3) CPR]. In light of the fact that JL was totally unwilling to renegotiate settlement, even though B SP invited her to make a counter-offer over  £10,000, it is possible that the Court would not grant a costs award, deeming it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unjust to do soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in accordance with 36.14(3), supra. In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement exceeds BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer, but only by a small amount: In the recent case of Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412 it was held that, in assessing whether or not a judgement is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"more advantageousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ than a Part 36 offer, a Court is obliged to take into account all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the case. This means that the assessment will not be made on monetary value alone. For example, in this case, Ward LJ held that the difference (between the judgement and the Part 36 offer) of  £51.00 was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"was more than offset by the irrecoverable costs incurred by the claimant in continuing to contest the case for as long as she didà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In regard to JL being granted a costs award if the judgement is equal to BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer, rule 36.14(a) and 36.14(2) CPR is likely to operate to allow the defendant to recover his costs from JL: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"[Where] a claimant fails to obtain a judgment more advantageous than a defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer the court will, unless it considers it unjust to do so, order that the defendant is entitled to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"(a) his costs from the date on which the relevant period expired; and(b) interest on those costs.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ CONCLUSIONS If the Court makes a judgement significantly greater than  £10,000, while JL would ordinarily be entitled to be granted a costs award, it is possible that no award would be granted, because of her unwillingness to engage in pre-trial negotiation. If the Court makes a judgement only slightly greater than  £10,000, the chances of JL being granted a costs award are even slimmer; not only might the court deem it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unjustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to grant such an award, but it may also consider the award to be of no greater value than the Part 36 offer, taking into account all the facts of the case, in accordance with the case of Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412. If the Court makes a judgement of less than  £10,000, then JL will not be granted a costs order. In fact, it is highly likely that a costs order will be granted against her, in favour of BSP. SEARCH PLAN (a) Problem: Employee [JL] making a claim for PI against her employer [BSP]. She wants to ensure she is protected against costs. (b) Facts: JL rejected BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 Offer. JL refuses to renegotiate despite being invited to make a counter-offer by BSP. (c) Issues: Whether JLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct will prejudice her right to claim costs if (a) judgement is significantly greater than BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer; or, (b) judgement is only slightly greater than BSPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Part 36 offer. (d)(i) Keyword: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Æ’Â   Findings: The Civil Procedure Rules 1998, Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 3132 L.17. (ii) Keywords: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Cost implications of Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Refusal of Part 36 Offerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: West Law Æ’Â   Findings: Lisa Carver v BAA Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 412. Part 2: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personal injury claims" essay for you Create order BACKGROUND FACTS: Govinder Singh [GS] is taking legal action against his former business partner, Grant Hadley [GH]. GS is being represented on a pro bono basis by a firm of solicitors. THE PROBLEM: If GS is successful in his claim against GH, is it possible that a costs award would be granted in his favour against GH to remunerate the solicitors who were acting for GS? LEGAL ISSUES: Is a solicitor action on behalf of his client on a pro bono basis entitled to recover his costs if his client wins the case? LAW AND APPLICATION: Part 8 of the Legal Services Act 2007 Miscellaneous Provisions about Lawyers -contains clause 194, which allows for a costs order to be granted against any party by the Court, in cases where a solicitor was representing his client on a pro bono basis, those costs being given to a charity of the solicitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choosing. CONCLUSIONS Costs cannot be recovered by GSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitor, regardless of the outcome of the case. SEARCH PLAN (a) Problem: Solicitor working for GS, free of charge, in a defamation claim against GH. (b) Facts: Solicitor has asked to be advised on whether or not a costs award will be granted in favour of GS if he wins his case. (c) Issues: Can a pro bono solicitor ever recover his costs from a successful litigation? (d)(i) Keyword: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Pro Bonoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Æ’Â   Source: Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Æ’Â   Findings: The Legal Services Act 2007, s194.

Apple Computer, Inc. - 1620 Words

Overview Apple Computer, Inc. originated as merely an idea, coming to realization in the basement of Steve Job’s parent’s house. Apple has come a long way since it started and has been acknowledged for its accomplishments in pioneering products, marketing, and services. With the way the business operates, has inspired companies all over the world. As you read, I will be look at how exactly it brought this company to these great accomplishments and what can be learned from the company. Strategic management Apple takes pride in their appearance, which helped them to accomplish high sale volumes, in turn cultivate a large dedicated customer base. When a company is considering strategy, they need to realize where your priorities lie. As†¦show more content†¦One of Apple’s biggest strengths and aspects of their image originates from their vision. Their excellent talent to design creative products and remarkable campaigns has helped Apple exceed even their largest competitors. While most companies try to cut costs when developing a marketing plan, Apple focuses on making their products unique. In fact in 2007, Apple was named the Most Innovated Company by Business Week for the third year in a row (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt, 2008). Another great marketing strategies was iTunes music store, where people can preview and download songs right onto their Mac, PC or iPod. The original idea behind iTunes was to offer a solution to the illegal downloading of music and software from rival sources like Napster and Kazaa (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt, 2008). With illegal downloading, Apple paid close attention to their external surroundings and decided to use this problem troubling studios and artist as an opportunity. The iTunes solution not only helped their cause and significantly lowered the illegal pirating of music, but it served as a great marketing tool to promote their iPod products. Even though Apple only makes about 10 cents per song, it has provided them with an excellent marketing tool bringing attention and interest to their products (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt, 2008). Creativity has helped Apple to triumph. The iPod blew consumers away, providing them

Critical Path Method ( Cpm ) Technique - 1450 Words

CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM) TECHNIQUE Critical Path Method has been extensively used for planning and scheduling construction work for decades. As mentioned earlier, the study conducted by Tavakoli and Riachi (1990) results from responding industries has shown overwhelming satisfaction of using the CPM technique for planning and scheduling projects. The first steps in building the CPM technique is the activity list. Activity is defined as a task that consumes time and other resources for completing a project. For example, design and construct a podium is an activity, which may further be broken down into smaller manageable components such as drawing, sail types, podium type and paving depending on the size of the project. Example of an†¦show more content†¦A construction schedule will establish the number of days needed to complete the project including production rates, equipment. To obtain clarity in project scheduling experienced input is required in: interdependencies of tasks, their duration, other sensitivities (weather, location factors) logistics of material procurement, storage, construction equipment, HR resources, sourcing and up skilling and safety training, transport logistics, types, quantities, resource size and administrative procedures such as approval of drawing layout. The critical path method (CPM) is a scheduling technique determined by duration. The primary inputs are the project activities, their estimated durations, and reliance relationships. Activity durations are functions of the resources required for implementing each activity. The more established CPM technique is very suitable for certain type of projects for factoring-in risks associated with activities such as for example, those involving long lead-time and specifically designed and built heavy equipment and its site delivery logistics. CPM method gives an insight into risk management and thereby enabling better planning for contingencies. As an illustration of this class of projects – from Authors’ experience, large design, construct and install power projects requiring equipment such as transformers, generators, overhead cranes requires highly specialised expertise from manufacturers, which adds to the

Teen Suicide Research Paper free essay sample

Detection and prevention are both key for adults and young people to stop suicide from happening. After taking a look at the numbers of suicide, most would be amazed. For example, by the time one reads this paragraph there will be someone attempting to commit suicide, but only 5% of people actually take their lives. Over 80% of these people had problems with their social life in which they lost a good portion of friends or had a â€Å"major† problem with their image or self esteem. About half the teens in this country have had thoughts of suicide cross their minds on a monthly basis. Each teen was know to have a deep drop in motivation. In a study of 59 suicidal teens there was reported that only 7 parents knew about what their child was going through. Something more shocking is that out of 36 teens who made a suicide attempt, only 2 parents were aware. The potential risk of suicide appears when a kid has depression and anxiety or even hopelessness. Remember that teens always need to be shown the unconditional love from their immediately family and parents (Langwith,26). There are many case studies that help explain why suicide is prevalent. Most stories of suicide in teens are the same. For example; a popular High-schooler by the name of Chuck. Chuck was a junior in an Avon High School and a star football athlete. He was living a good life until December 2002, that’s when he started having problem; most of which gave him a bad image of himself. His girlfriend broke up with him and declined his invitation to winter ball. On top of that he lost his after school job and suffered a severe drop in academic performance. When it was time for Winter Ball he was all alone and trying to get back with his ex. After many failed attempts Chuck was yelled at by one of her friends, she screamed â€Å"She doesn’t like you, get away from here, and get a life†. The next day his parents discovered his body hanging shower. Many teens have a story similar to this where they fear being a outcast and being made fun of by their peers, or having a wrecked social life(Inside Suicide, 5). Suicide is highly preventable for teens by anyone close to them, but early detection is key. We all know a teenager whether their a friend or family member, but what we don’t know is what goes on in their heads prior to their suicide. Suicide is a tricky thing to prevent because you don’t know whether it’s a mood swing or the real deal. There are clear warning signs that give you a hint that the teen is suicidal. They usually talk about death and have wish to die. Although it may seem as if a teen always says â€Å"I’m going to kill myself! †, this is just an example of anxiety. Another sign is a social life that encounters a downfall as well as a problem that gives them a bad image of themselves. They let themselves go on the outside (appearance) and also on the inside. After these turn of events they also start preparing for death by giving away valued possessions. Although these are what usually happens with a suicidal child, it can possibly be unexpected like Chuck’s suicide. A teenager from Minnesota named Elizabeth once helped save two friends from suicide, she says that â€Å"With suicide I think that a major thing is a feeling of being alone and I think that the greatest way that we can help youth is let them know that we are here for them. † (â€Å"Youth Speak Out! † 3) If one suspects that someone is on the verge of suicide they can always call the suicide hotline. Another possible solution could be taking the individual to a physiologist or another professional (Suicide and Suicidal Behavior,2). In the novel Speak Laurie Halse Anderson, the main character Melinda Sordino is at high risk of suicide due to her fall in social life which reckoned her self status. This all started at a party where she was viciously raped by older guy. Melissa was only a freshman and called the police due to her attach. When the police arrived, the party ended and there was several arrests. Immediately people knew it was Melinda because she asked for a friends phone. Everybody blamed Melinda and hated her, but nobody knew the whole story. She became a outcast overnight. She had no friends at all, and it was official; she had no social life and little to no self esteem. She had no relationships whatsoever-even with her family. Melinda cracked under the pressure and started cutting herself. When she was on the verge of killing herself her mom told her, â€Å"Suicide is for cowards, you’re better than that† (Anderson, 118). These words meant a lot to her because they finally talked and slowly revived their relationship. Communication is key because it makes the child feel as if there’s someone who cares about them (Suicide,3). Suicide is an issue in American that affect teens in a way like no other. Teenagers have lots of problems that amount to killing themselves. A bad social life, bad self-picture of yourself, or even a bad problem can greatly affect suicide. Its your job to keep the people you love from being people you loved. So take action and remember that friends and family play a huge role in preventing suicide by recognizing their feelings and taking action. 1. )Vorvick, Linda J. Suicide and Suicidal Behavior. New York Times 3 July 2011, Health/Guides sec. : 1-3. Print. 2. )Suicide. Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Mon. 6 Feb. 2012. 3. )Teens Are Particularly at Risk for Suicide by Michael S. Jellinek. Suicide. Jacqueline Langwith, Ed. Opposing Viewpoints ® Series. Greenhaven Press, 2008. Michael S. Jellinek, Teen Suicide May Leave Unanswered Questions, Pediatric News, vol. 39, July, 2005, p. 25. Copyright 2005 International Medical News Group. 4. )Langwith, Jacqueline. 2. Suicide. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2008. 23-29. Print. 5. )Marcovitz, Hal. Teens and Suicide. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2004. 22-24. Print. 6. )Wohlenhaus, Kim. Suicide Information for Teens: Health Tips about Suicide Causes and Prevention : Including Facts about Depression, Risk Factors, Getting Help, Survivor Support, and More. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2010.

Promotional Tools and Situational Factors

Question: Discuss about the Promotional Tools and Situational Factors. Answer: Introduction: The objective of this report is to find the consumer approaches and influence of the situational factors on buying behaviors. Situational factors are time, mood and physical surroundings that actually convert the interest of the buyer into selling. Several types of research have been conducted to understand the method through which surroundings effect the buying trend. Researchers have identified situational factors very useful to get the idea about the variable that can control the purchasing outcomes. Two types of buying behavior have been discussed here, an impulse buying and another one is high involvement buying. The report has given a detailed account on the comparative discussion on how this two buying approach get influenced by the situational factors. The impact of Situational factors: As mentioned by, Solomon (2014), situational factors are the temporary factors that actually influence the buying approach of a buyer when a product is being offered to them. Both the impulse behavior and the high involvement behavior are effected by the situational factors. There are different components of the situational factors that are greatly influential for consumer behavior and the buying trend of a product. All the dimensions have been discussed below in the context of the both buying approach. Physical surroundings: Physical factors include different components like layout, interior of the store, display of the products, color, texture and design of the products, the ambience of the store etc. As mentioned by, Jung Chang, Yan and Eckman (2014), if the customers are not attracted to the products there are no question of buying the products. Hence, physical surroundings are extremely crucial for both the impulse buying and high involvement buying. Impulse buying is involved unplanned buying and the decision of buying takes place just the moment before buying. In this case, physical surroundings are influential, if the store is well decorated, the product is well displayed and the color and designing are attracting and interesting the buyer will not think twice before buying the product (Badgaiyan Verma, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that physical surrounding is highly influential for this kind of buying approach. For the high involvement buying the fact is that, if the buyers have decided to buy a product and get disappointed after turning into the store due to its lack interesting layout, display as well as design and quality of the product it will definitely affect the decision of the buyers that he or she has already taken (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2012). High involvement buying involves time, patience and analysis of the product before a buyer by that product; that is why consumers tend to imagine about the product and expect certain criteria regarding they have been decided to buy (Ashraf, Rizwan Khan, 2014). If the physical surroundings failed to meet the criteria the buying behavior can be harmed resulting in the loss. Social situation: Social surroundings involve the friends, families and the reference group that influences the buying behavior of the consumers. For instance, it can be said that, in an impulse buying, if the friends are having the product of the same criteria or encourage buying of that particular product, customers can be influenced easily. Moreover, if the customers can relate their social practice with a particular product it will also catch their eye (Mohan, Sivakumaran Sharma, 2013). Another interesting factor in this context is that if the buyer finds that the product is being sold by one of his known people it will also influence the buying as it has been shown that people trust on the words when they are dealing with someone whom they have known previously. It becomes more trustworthy for a buyer when he takes it from someone who has bought or used the same products. For the high involvement buying, social factors influence the buying behavior by giving options and opportunity to compare and analyze the product. For example, it can be said that, a buyer is thinking about buying any product and the buyers relative and friends are giving positive information and review of that product buyer will definitely get attract to that particular product; whereas, for negative review the interest for buying product can get hampered. Other than that, when buyers find that a product is reflecting and respecting cultural values they involve time to buy such products; moreover, words of mouth can also be effective when it comes to high involvement buying. Time: time is a major issue for while evaluating the buying behavior of a consumer. It extremely depends on the customers whether he or she is going to spend more time or less time for buying the products. On the other end, there are particular times that influence the buying. Like during holidays or occasions, people generally tends to buy more products than normal period of time (Gu, Park Konana, 2012). Moreover, few people wait for that particular time of the year when the companies give the discount on products. All these measures are highly influential for the impulse buying; because, people reacts instantly to products that have attracted them (Muruganantham Bhakat, 2013). They do not spend much time to analyze before buying. However, for the buyer who shows high involvement prior to buying invest more time before taking the decision. They will take the decision only when they are satisfied with the quality, design and variations of the product. From the other end of the opinion, time is a crucial factor for the consumer behavior because the social practices have been changed largely. Consumers want to spend minimum time for the shopping due to the lack of timing. Nowadays people do not want to put extra efforts for buying; they always want their service ready to avail whether it is impulsive buying or the high involvement one. The main demand of the customer in present days is to buy all the product in one stop (Schiffman et al. 2013). Moreover, in many countries where customers are time starving want the privilege of doing other major activities like paying utility bills, taxes, insurance premiums from the stores they visit. On addition, it also can be said that waiting for the products or any time-consuming procedures during buying effect the customer satisfaction. Mood: Mood definitely influences the shopping spree for the consumers. All those mentioned before, are undervalued if the buyer has no mood or intention or interest to buy anything. However, it is true that mood for shopping eventually depends on the factors like physical surroundings, time and social perspectives. It gets difficult if the buyers have not in a mood of buying products; moreover, if the buyer is in a bad mood it effects the interest of shopping. For impulsive buying, mood is the major factor that influences buying (Amos, Holmes Keneson, 2014). In this kind of shopping if consumers are in a good mood they will instantly react to the products; whereas, for the buying behavior that involves high involvement it has no intense impact, nevertheless, bad mood can definitely affect the interest for buying the products. If the customer is not satisfied with the service and products their mood will get affected and gradually it will take the shape of the disappointment (Parment , 2013). Moreover, if customers are not happy with the pricing of the product it will also affect the mood of buying for the customers. To avoid such circumstances service providers and different organizations often promotes discount offers and other additional privileges for the customers (Ashraf, Rizwan Khan, 2014). Moods of buying can involve different approaches; for few buyers, they enjoy it and find entertainment in it whereas, for few peoples, there are a number of people who are compulsive spenders (Wind, Thomas Sheth, 2014). That is why it is an extremely influential factor that actually controls the consumer behaviors. Moreover, the shopping mood also reflects the amount of money the buyers spend on shopping. For, example, during a market fall of US stock market, people started feeling poorer and due to such low feeling the shopping tendency were highly affected. Conclusion: Hence, it can be said that buying behavior of consumers gets highly influenced by the elements of the situational factors. Situational factors are particularly responsible for giving an assumption about the buying trend of the consumers. Situational factors like physical surroundings, social references, time and mood are the key factors that actually plays the role of instigator prior to the buying of a product. This report has elaborated all these aspects for both the impulsive buying and high involvement buying. As these two approaches are different the level of impact is also different as well. impulsive buying involves instant buying whereas, the buying behavior of the high involvement engage more time, patience and concern about the product. Here, each aspect has been compared to both the context. Therefore, revising this report, it can be said that it is a complete establishment of the approach, required to analyze the buying behavior of the customer and can be revised while doing research on this topic. Reference list: Amos, C., Holmes, G. R., Keneson, W. C. (2014). A meta-analysis of consumer impulse buying.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), 86-97. Ashraf, M. G., Rizwan, M., Khan, M. A. (2014). The promotional tools and situational factors impact on consumer buying behaviour and sales promotion.Journal of Public Administration and Governance,4(2), 179-201. Badgaiyan, A. J., Verma, A. (2015). Does urge to buy impulsively differ from impulsive buying behaviour? Assessing the impact of situational factors.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 145-157. Gu, B., Park, J., Konana, P. (2012). Research note-the impact of external word-of-mouth sources on retailer sales of high-involvement products.Information Systems Research,23(1), 182-196. Jung Chang, H., Yan, R. N., Eckman, M. (2014). Moderating effects of situational characteristics on impulse buying.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,42(4), 298-314. Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B. and Sharma, P., (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior.European Journal of Marketing,47(10), 1711-1732. Muruganantham, G., Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), 149. Parment, A. (2013). Generation Y vs. Baby Boomers: Shopping behavior, buyer involvement and implications for retailing.Journal of retailing and consumer services,20(2), 189-199. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Wind, Y., Thomas, R. J., Sheth, J. N. (2014).Organizational buying behavior. SAGE Publications.

Computer Engineering Essays - Computing, Classes Of Computers

Computer Engineering Computer technology has advanced dramatically over the past ten years. Technology has advanced from computers the size of a room that can only perform one particular task, to personal computers (PC's) that will fit on a desk and perform multiple tasks. Understanding computers and their programs and being able to apply that knowledge is very important in today's workplace. Engineering is a field that requires an extensive background in computer technology. Future engineers will benefit dramatically from having a strong background in computer technology. In order to understand why computers are important, we have to understand what a computer is and what it does. A computer is a device capable of performing a series of calculations or logical operations without human intervention. The computer is characterized by the number and complexity of operations it can perform and by its ability to process, store, and retrieve data ("Computers" 1). The development of computers began in the 19th century by British mathematician Charles Babbage (Eadie 3). Babbage designed, but did not build, a mechanical digital device capable of processing information as a modern computer does (4). In 1930 American scientist Vannevar Bush built a mechanically operated device, called a differential analyzer (4). It was the first general-purpose analog computer. Analog computers will be discussed later in this paper. The first information-processing digital computer actually built was the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I computer (4). Completed in 1944, this electromechanical device was designed by American engineer Howard Aiken (5). In 1946 the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, or ENIAC, was put into operation (5). Using thousands of electron tubes, it was the first electronic digital computer. In the late 1950s transistors replaced electron tubes in computers, allowing a reduction in the size and power consumption of computer components (5). In the 1960s hybrid computers were tried that connected analog computers to digital ones. Later integrated circuits were developed that allowed further reduction in component size and increase in reliability. The introduction of a relatively easy to use PC in 1981 began a period in the rapid growth of the computer industry. The computer industry is still thriving today with the introduction of faster processors such as the Pentium II and now the Pentium III, high tech printers, scanners, and of course the Internet. There are two types of computers, analog and digital. An analog computer is designed to process data in which the variable quantities vary continuously; it translates the relationships between the variables of a problem into analogous relationships between electrical quantities, such as current and voltage, and solves the original problem by solving the equivalent problem, or analog, that is set up in its electrical circuits (Eadie 9). Because of this feature, analog computers are useful in the simulation and evaluation of certain complex situations. Analog computers do not play a role in engineering today, but without the introduction of analog computers PC's would not be what they are today. Digital computers are referred to as PC's. PC's are used everyday in the workplace, at school, and at home. Many programs can be accessed and loaded into a digital computer. Most technical jobs, including engineering, require experience and understanding of PC's and the programs that are related to the field in which the PC is being used. A digital computer is designed to process data in numerical form; its circuits perform mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The numbers operated on by a digital computer are expressed in the binary system. Binary digits, which are also known as bits, are 0 and 1, so that 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, etc. correspond to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. A series of eight bits, called a "byte", is the basic data unit of computers. A digital computer can store the results of its calculations for later use, can compare the results with other data, and on the basis of such comparisons can change the series of operations it performs ("Computers" 2). PC's would not be useful if it were not for the information that we enter into them. Input to a computer can come directly from people. Human beings can directly communicate with the computer terminals, entering instructions and data by means of keyboards or by using a mouse and receiving the information through a printer. Entering data into a computer can be extremely complicated for someone who is not experienced in downloading. In engineering understanding how to download a program is not as important as knowing how to run a program unless, of course, you are

Sample Personal Essay - A Simple Guide

Sample Personal Essay - A Simple GuideIn my experience, finding a quality sample personal essay is often a challenge. Finding the right sample essay is often more challenging because there are so many to choose from, and since all of them are based on some version of 'first person' the selection process can be quite subjective.Writing research papers is one of the most difficult things to do, and research papers are often the only thing that are left for those writers who have had little success with other areas of writing. While researching for a research paper, I have seen countless examples of a research paper that was of very poor quality because the writer did not have an example to follow. Sometimes the research paper itself was of good quality, but the writer lacked an example to follow, which is a basic requirement for any writer.The true sample personal essay should contain at least three examples of research papers that the writer has chosen to follow. These examples should be carefully chosen to make the reader understand what type of research paper the writer is attempting to write. Even though the examples might be used in the introduction, I would recommend that the writer include all three examples in the body of the paper, or at least the first paragraph.My personal favorite example of a sample personal essay is The Tale of Eight Gloves. This is an excellent example of a research paper that has been correctly described by the example and the first paragraph. Each example shows the reader just what the writer is trying to accomplish and why they are following the example.In addition to providing examples of research papers, I also like to read through the sample personal essay for just a few minutes. This allows me to see the outline and the style and gives me a good idea of how good the writing is.The good news is that I do not always have to take my time with this step, as many writers these days use online editors to grade their writing. When I grade an essay, I do not read it from top to bottom, or even at the beginning.If the sample personal essay is not written well, there is usually a quick correction given in the online editor that I use, so in most cases, if the writer is determined enough, they can correct the errors quickly and return the essay to the place where they should be. A quality sample personal essay should be used throughout the essay and only then removed if necessary.